11/26/2023 0 Comments Hazardous waste treatment process![]() ![]() The amount of hazardous waste generated per annum is found to be 4.4 million tonnes as per organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD). Hazardous waste is any substance in solid, liquid or gaseous form, because of physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive, radioactive or infectious characteristics causes threat to human health and environment. An impermeable cap or cover is placed over a finished landfill is placed to reduce the amount of leachate in the fill and minimize the potential for environmental degradation. The leachate collected is transferred to treatment plant for further process. The upper layer reduces the accumulation of leachate trapped in the fill, and the lower layer acts as a backup. ![]() Double leachate collection system is made up of network of pipes placed above each liner. The hazardous-waste landfill setup consists of two impermeable liners and also includes leachate collection systems. The wastes are dumped in sealed drums before disposal. An example of a recommended design is shown in A landfill is a disposal facility where hazardous wastes are placed into and stored in the soil. Now, hazardous wastes are stabilized and made into solid and placed in landfill and this process depends upon the type of hazardous waste. So to prevent the chemicals entering the soil, landfill requires a barrier for collecting hazardous substances that may remain in the disposed waste. These chemicals eventually enter natural hydrologic systems. Various steps involved in hazardous waste management was shown inÄisposal of some hazardous wastes in regular landfills resulted in unfavorable amounts of hazardous materials seeping into the ground. The following procedure illustrates the standard waste management strategy in a developed society. ![]() The waste generated from various industrial and domestic activities can result in severe health hazards and also leads to negative impact on the environment. Because of rapid industrialization the concern of hazardous waste management is increasing. In recent years, for hazardous solid waste management incineration has become less popular because of risk associated with increased air pollution control requirements. Municipal incineration with sophisticated energy recovery systems were popular in large European and American cities at the turn of the century, but became extinct due to high operating costs. After solid waste residues disposed leads to water pollution. Open dumping results in soil and water pollution and open burning and incineration contribute to air pollution in the form of particulates, nitrogen oxides, noxious odors, and other constituents. Traditionally, hazardous wastes are disposed by dumping in open space and burning. Hazardous waste management is the general term associated with procedures and policies of hazardous waste management that it does not cause any potential threat to man and the environment. Hence in this chapter we will discuss about hazardous waste, types and management. In view of this, management of hazardous wastes including their disposal in an environment friendly and economically viable way is very important and therefore suggestions are made considering the waste types and states. It is therefore important to take necessary steps in managing the waste. The potential health risk associated with these substances vary from minor, short term discomforts, such as headaches and nausea to serious health problems, such as cancers and birth defects, to major accidents that cause immediate injury or death. Toxic and hazardous substances from these sources contaminate the land, air, and water. On the other hand, governments and international agencies are taking steps for controlling the growing problem of hazardous substances in the environment which appears to be a difficult process because the wastes are from many sources. In the current scenario of developing countries, hazardous wastes are often disposed directly into the environment posing health and environmental risk. The management of hazardous waste is a process which includes the collection, recycling, treatment, transportation, disposal, and monitoring of wastes disposal sites. They are non-biodegradable, persistent in the environment and are deleterious to human health or natural resources. Hazardous wastes that are disposed off causes potential hazard to human health or the environment (soil, air, and water) when it is not properly managed. A material becomes waste when it is discarded without expecting to be compensated for its inherent value. Industries play a vital role in the economic aspect of modern society and hazardous waste production is an inevitable outcome of developmental activities and industrialization. ![]()
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